10. Complex numbers#
In this chapter, we will introduce complex numbers, which are numbers that can be expressed in the form \(a + bi\), where \(a\) and \(b\) are real numbers, and \(i\) is the imaginary unit defined by the property \(i^2 = -1\). Complex numbers extend the concept of one-dimensional number lines to two-dimensional planes, allowing for a richer mathematical framework.