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Calculus

Front matter

Introduction
Graph of content

Algebra

1. Numbers
2. Vector algebra

Single-variable functions

3. Functions
4. Differentiation
5. Integration

Sequences and series

6. Sequences
7. Series

Multivariable functions

8. Concepts and structures
9. Partial differentiation
10. Multivariable integration
11. Vector calculus

Differential equations

12. First-order ordinary differential equations
13. Second-order ordinary differential equations
- 13.1. Homogeneous problems with constant coefficients
- 13.2. Inhomogeneous problems with constant coefficients

Appendices

14. Overviews from algebra
15. Overviews from single-variable functions
16. Overviews from sequences and series
- 16.1. Special sequences
- 16.2. Special series
17. Overviews from multivariable functions

Back matter

Index
Credits and License

Repository
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First-order linear differential equations

12.4. First-order linear differential equations#

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12.3. Separable differential equations

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12.5. Approximating solutions

By Authors from Delft University of Technology, built with TeachBooks and Jupyter Book, CC BY 4.0

Last updated on September 29, 2025.